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Roof or Black Rats Rattus rattus
(L.) -- Rodentia: Muridae |
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The black rat, also known as the roof rat, ship rat, or house rat, is a
common long-tailed rodent of the stereotypical rat genus Rattus, in the subfamily Murinae. It likely originated in the Indian
subcontinent, but is now found worldwide Roof rats have been in California for
an unknown number of years. They are
especially harmful in urban areas where their habit of chewing on electric
wires cause power outages. When they
enter garages they chew on automobiles with exposed electric wires, causing
malfunctions. REFERENCES: Alderton, D. 1996. Rodents of the
World. Diane Publishing Company.
Baig, M.; Khan, S.; Eager, H.; Atkulwar, A. & Searle,
J. B. 2019. Phylogeography of the black rat Rattus rattus in India
and the implications for its dispersal history in Eurasia. Biological Invasions. 21 (2): 417–433. Barnes, Ethne. 2007.
Diseases and Human Evolution,
University of New Mexico Press,
p. 247. Bollet, Alfred J. 2004.
Plagues & Poxes: The Impact of Human History on Epidemic
Disease. Demos Medical Publishing, Boschert, Ken.
1991. Rat Bacterial Diseases.
Net Vet and the Electronic Zoo.
Archived from the original on 18 October 1996. Carrick, Tracy Hamler; Carrick, Nancy
& Finsen, Lawrence. 1997.
The Persuasive Pen: An Integrated Approach to Reasoning and
Writing. Jones and Bartlett
Learning, p. 162. Chiba, S.
2010. Invasive Rats Alter
Assemblage Characteristics of Land Snails in the Ogasawara Islands. Biological Conservation. 143 (6): 1558–63. Clark, D. A.
1982. Foraging behavior of
vertebrate omnivore (Rattus rattus): Meal
structure, sampling, and diet breadth.
Ecology. 63 (3): 763–772. Cox, M. P. G.; Dickman, C. R. & Cox, W. G. 2000.
Use of habitat by the black rat (Rattus rattus) at
North Head, New South Wales: an observational and experimental study. Austral Ecology. 25 (4): 375–385. Donald W. Engels.
1999. Classical Cats: The
Rise and Fall of the Sacred Cat.
Routledge. p. 111. Dowding, J. E. & Murphy, E. C. 1994.
Ecology of Ship Rats (Rattus rattus) in a
Kauri (Agathis australis) Forest
in Northland, New Zealand. New
Zealand Journal of Ecology. 18 (1): 19–28. Grant-Hoffman,
M. N.; Mulder, C. P. & Belingham, P. J. 2009. Invasive Rats
Alter Woody Seedling Composition on Seabird-dominated Islands in New
Zealand. Oecologia.
163 (2): 449–60. Hafidzi, M. N.; Zakry, F. A. A. & Saadiah, A. 2007. Ectoparasites of Rattus sp. from
Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. Pertanika. Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science. 30 (1): 11–16. Hays, J. N. 2005. Epidemics and
Pandemics: Their Impacts on Human History.
ABC-CLIO,
978-1-85109-658-9, p. 64. Jackson, Michael; Hartley, Stephen & Linklater,
Wayne. 2016. Better food-based baits and lures for
invasive rats Rattus spp. and the
brushtail possum Trichosurus vulpecula: a
bioassay on wild, free-ranging animals.
Journal of Pest Science. 89 (2): 479–488. Innes, J; Warburton, B; Williams, D; et al. 1995.
Large-Scale Poisoning of Ship Rats (Rattus rattus) in
Indigenous Forests of the North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Ecology. 19 (1):
5–17. Last, John M. 2010.
Black Death. Encyclopedia of
Public Health, eNotes. December 2010. Linnæus, C.
1758. Mus rattus. Caroli
Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines,
genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I
(in Latin) (Decima, reformata ed.). Holmiae:
Laurentius Salvius. p. 61. McCormick, M. 2003. Rats, Communications, and Plague: Toward
an Ecological History. Journal of
Interdisciplinary History. 34 (1): 1–25. Meerburg,
B. G., Singleton, G. R. & Kijlstra A.
2009.
Rodent-borne diseases and their risks for public health. Critcal Rev. Microbiology. 35 (3):
221–270. Pryde, M; Dilks, P.
& Fraser, Ian. 2005.
The home range of ship rats (Rattus rattus) in
beech forest in the Eglinton Valley, Fiordland, New Zealand: a pilot
study. New Zealand Journal of
Zoology. 32 (3): 139–42.. Rackham, J.
1979. Rattus rattus: The
introduction of the black rat into Britain.
Antiquity. 53 (208): 112–120. Schmid, B.V.; Büntgen, U.; Easterday, W.R.; Ginzler, C.;
Walløe, L.; Bramanti, B. & Stenseth, N. C. 2015. Climate-driven
introduction of the Black Death and successive plague reintroductions into
Europe. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (10): 3020–3025. Schwartz, Charles Walsh & Schwartz, Elizabeth Reeder.
2001. The Wild Mammals of Missouri. University of Missouri Press. Vernes, K; Mcgrath, K.
2009. Are Introduced Black
Rats (Rattus rattus) a
Functional Replacement for Mycophagous Native Rodents in Fragmented
Forests? Fungal Ecology. 2 (3):
145–48 |
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